Case Study Marketing: Nyquil

Contextual analysis Marketing: Nyquil Nyquil is a brand of over the counter medication delivered by Vicks, which is a division of the Procter and Gamble Company. This medication comes in type of syrup and fluid cases and tablets that are utilized to for the treatment of a wide scope of cold side effects. Showcasing of Nyquil is done both in the local market and globally by the Procter and bet through it Vicks auxiliary that it purchased from Richardson Vicks in 2005.Vicks is known world broadly for its advertising of marked purchaser human services items. Before its securing by PG the Vicks Company had in excess of thirty auxiliaries everywhere throughout the world some of which were procured by PG as well. One of them is the India Richardson Hindustan Limited (RVL) Company that has extraordinarily contributed in the assembling and appropriation of the Nyquil medicate (Richardson Vicks Inc. (RVI)).Nyquil is the main medication suggested by drug specialists for evening alleviation of cold among grown-ups and it is accessible in excess of 70 nations inside five mainlands where its appropriated by shifted PG merchants. Medication wholesalers in drug stores, government and private emergency clinic and pharmaceutical organizations get their Nyquil drugs transported to their nations with the by the fabricates and the Subsidiaries of PG pharmaceutical items. This physical dissemination of the medication is done through an efficient gracefully chain that spreads from the assembling to the shopper. The buying of this medication should either be possible by genuinely visiting the pharmaceutical organizations or by setting on the web offers through site like Amazon.com and Vicks.com Some pharmaceutical organizations that dont produce the Nyquil tranquilize go about as the appropriation places by purchasing the medication in mass from Vicks organization and other pharmaceutical related with PG and they repackage it with bearing and consent from the producer. Such organizations utilize deals specialists who sell the medication either straightforwardly or through the web. They advertise Nyquil to the wholesalers, private purchasers, medical clinics and here and there to chose retail vendors. The wholesalers purchase from such organizations, break the mass and redistribute the medication to the retail dealers in drug stores and little private clinics. This multi channel conveyance of Nyquil has made it simple to send out the medication to different markets everywhere throughout the world. The showcasing of the Nyquil tranquilize has for the longest of time been helped by its image quality. Notice Nyquil to any American and they will comprehend what you are taking about. Truth be told it could similarly qualify as the most mishandled cold over the counter medication since it has a steadying impact on its client. Broad TV radio and print promotion have made item mindfulness and made perfect market presentation for the medication. The fluid variety of Nyquil was tried without precedent for 1966, and formally propelled into the market in 1968 with a few TV and magazine notice and proposal from the clinical world. Thus, Procter and Gamble utilized $ 17 million dollars to advance fluid Nyquil during its dispatch in 1980(New York Magazine 12 Vol. 24, No. 38) Further more, Nyquil has become a typical name to most house holds in American families and its the for the most part suggested over the counter medication for curing cold manifestations. Its trademark that considers it The evening, wheezing, sniffling, hacking, throbbing, best-rest you-at any point got-with-a-cool medication is an eye catcher for anybody showing the referenced side effects of a virus. With this motto comes a rundown of Nyquil variety, each custom fitted to the various plans on offer. Progressively over the Nyquil Liquid prescription is accessible in scopes of the Soothing Original, Soothing Cherry, and Vanilla Cherry Swirl. The soonest advertising of Nyquil additionally made a specialty showcase for it as the greatest evening time ease for cold since it has a fixing that makes somebody lazy and assist him with dozing tranquil. This nature of Nyquil was recently scrutinized by the individuals who didnt need to utilize a virus cure with the goal of resting right away. To keep up the medications specialty and hold her clients Vicks organization thought of Dayquil, a daytime partner of Nyquil which doesn't contain the calming fixings or liquor that is found in Nyquil. In this manner, Procter and bet s ready to fulfill both the day time and evening time shoppers of compelling virus cure. Another showcasing technique utilized in the promoting of Nyquil is the utilization of Nyquil Coupons. This coupons which are appropriated by either Procter and Gamble Sunday News Circular enhancement called PG Brand Saver, from the doctors and allergists, week by week round of drug stores like Walgreens and CVS or in outsider Coupon Sites like Coupon.Com.These coupons empowers to one purchase Nyquil prescription at a limited rate during a recurrent buy and are attempting to pull in and support rehash purchasers of the item. To make it simpler for clients the coupons are accessible in clippable and printable online structure, thus any individual can get to them (Pharmacy Drug Guide.com). Another advancement methodology that was propelled for this item in 2009 was the utilization of online networking Facebook.According to the a client survey the most appealing thing about the Nyquil face book page was that the early on language utilized in it didn't attempt to get you directly to the item yet first informed you concerning the page itself specifying the developing number of its fans so as to cause somebody to feel like he was passing up something. During a similar period it had a free Nyquil T-shirt offer for the Nyquil clients who posted the best quiet resting photographs indicated to have been taken after one had taken Nyquil for their virus. As indicated by another blogger, it took just 7 days for the quantity of Nyquil fans to develop from 30199 to 95,125 and in the following twenty four hours they had developed to a hundred thousand. This sort of advertising has made a broad presentation to the item and intrigued purchasers from everywhere throughout the world can undoubtedly get to data on it. As a result, the methodology has helped in making wide spread item information and in beating the regular misinterpretations that contender once in a while spread about the item. Other than face book, advertisers at PG utilize various Websites to promote their item. For example, Vicks.com is a site that gives item data on all the varieties of Nyquil prescription and any advancements associated with its buy and where to search for it. For example, on the Nyquil and Dayquil item data page there is data on the accessibility of Combo bundles of the medication and on the advancement page there is a limited time advert that requests that somebody Search Nyquil on face book to enter the Vicks Nyquil/Dayquil look for the most committed NFL fan. The Promotion get line is In the NFL there are no days off. Such limited time exercises are planned for engaging the medication to the NFL fans (Vicks.com). The advertisers of Nyquil have likewise been known to showcase the item through production of its interest. This sort of promoting plays on human brain research by utilizing words that are appealing to the shopper. Most Nyquil promotions Market it as a drug that that work while an individual is resting. This is deciphered to imply that it doesn't meddle with a people daytime plan. This evening time advance joined with the reality Nyquil tablet comes in Tablet and container structure as well as in fluid structure helped increment the interest for the item. Fundamentally there front Nyquil is seen as the most powerful cool drug. This is a force approach that encourages in drawing in shoppers to the item without the maker pushing them to do as such. Despite the fact that NyQuil contains 25% liquor this cure has become the gold characteristic of cold prescription. Be that as it may, the variety of Nyquil given to youngsters just come in syrup structure and doesn't contain any liquor. With regards to client care, PG targets giving the best to her Nyquil clients who are spread everywhere throughout the world. The assignment of taking care of such a large number of clients can be a significant strategic weight and labor weight to one organization. There front, PG for the most part out-sources the client care administration from Public Relation specialists on contract premise. This additional assistance supplements and assists with working up the client aptitudes showed by PG faculties. For example on June 30th, 2003 the organization redistributed the client care skill of Syke Enterprises Incorporated on a multi year contract at an expense of 70 million. Sykes, a reknown monster in arrangement of client care administrations was to give client care the board administrations and help give answer for the P G buyer issue and help spare expense. Section 2 In spite of the fact that the above promoting techniques have helped open the business doors for Nyquil some of them have accomplished diminishing manageability. For example, at times PG has been blamed for taking part in unlawful advertising techniques in the advancement of Nyquil. Model was in the late 2009 when PG got itself under the investigation of the Federal Drug Administration (FDA) for illicitly touting two Vicks marked over-the - counter medications, Vicks Nyquil in addition to nutrient C and its day time partner Vicks daytime in addition to nutrient C as both a prescription for cold just as a dietary enhancements. The promoting language utilized on this medications said that they worked by joining the amazing multi side effect alleviation of Dayquil with over 150% of the suggested estimation of nutrient. This was done as a promoting procedure during the hour of a pig influenza pestilence yet FDA guaranteed that there isnt very much investigated and confirmed material that shows nutrient C helps in counteraction of colds. Thus, the organization was given 15 days to revise the infringement (Straczynski). Market contenders of Nyquil have likewise investigated the utilization of liquor as a fixing to the medication. This has prompted the wild maltreatment of the medication is scan for the high that is gotten from its overdose. In spite of the fact that its makers attempted

Strategy Evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Technique Evaluation - Essay Example An instance of accepting accessibility of customary work power to embrace an undertaking that includes more drudgery yet is very practical may not work if better open doors are accessible to the focused on work power (Allan). On legitimate allotment of assets, despite the fact that necessary budgetary assets may have been masterminded , it probably won't have thought about the requirement for talented and able representatives. Further, the supervisor should likewise have the option to guarantee a similarity in the operational styles with different divisions and units in a similar association. The production of a domain for agreement and adequacy of thoughts over the gathering should be available for a practical system for the business. An unmistakable judgment on the time distribution for different procedures like market investigation, item age, test advertising and last dispatch must be cautiously position to forestall the misfortune in the invaluable position that the organization may have had at first (Allan). Because of every one of these reasons the procedure assessment frequently will in general be extremely perplexing and touchy exercise.

A Practical Guide to International Business Etiquette

A Practical Guide to International Business Etiquette Doing business isn’t just about knowing your numbers and being able to sell your product, it’s also about building relationships and creating trust with the people you work with. But building a mutual partnership can be especially tricky when you are dealing with people from different cultures.In order to navigate in today’s business world, you need to be able to do business with people from all around the world. Understanding international business etiquette, or the unwritten rules of behavior, has become increasingly important in this ever-closer business atmosphere.The following guide will help you understand what etiquette is and how important it is for people working in the business world. You’ll learn to understand the key themes that differ between countries and get specific tips when travelling in some of the countries of the world. The aim is to help you be better prepared for international business meetings. © Shutterstock.com | Andrey BashlykovIn this article, you will explore and learn about 1) what is etiquette and why is it important, 2) the key things to keep in mind when doing business abroad, 3) regional business etiquette tips, 4) how to prepare for doing business abroad, and 5) final thoughts.WHAT IS ETIQUETTE AND WHY IS IT IMPORTANT?Etiquette is an important part of social interactions and there are different etiquette rules for different situations.This guide looks into business etiquette, which refers to an unwritten code of conduct for business situations. It involves special rules that you should follow when you are conducting business, whether at a formal business meeting or a more informal meeting for networking and the like. It is about navigating through the world of business in countries that operate differently when it comes to talking about deals, shaking hands and exchanging business cards.What is etiquette?In this time of technology, you’ll end up conducting som e of your business online instead of face-to-face. Netiquette is the unique term to cover the set of unwritten rules you should follow when doing business over virtual mediums.This could be a guideline on how to write a good e-mail to your business partners or how to conduct business relations on social media.Why is etiquette so important?Both etiquette and netiquette are crucial for professional success. The ability to behave and conduct business in a respectful and efficient manner can naturally improve your ability to land important business deals or to even find a new company to work for, if you are looking for a different direction for your professional career.Good business etiquette helps leave a good impression. This shows the other person you have respect toward them and you value the professional situation.Good business etiquette becomes even more important if you are dealing with people from different cultures and countries. Each country has its own unique business etiquet te and by knowing the country-specifics, you can show deep respect toward your business partners.If you don’t show understanding of specific business etiquette and you disregard these hidden rules, you could stand to lose your important business connections. Even if you aren’t intentionally rude, it can easily be perceived this way and this could hinder your business relations.Understanding international business etiquette is not difficult and it can be extremely fun to learn new things about the countries of the world.The video below is a great introduction to etiquette in general and why it matters: THE KEY THINGS TO KEEP IN MIND WHEN DOING BUSINESS ABROADWhen it comes to international business etiquette there are things you can do no matter what country you are going to. If you are preparing for an international meeting and you aren’t sure about the cultures of the people at the meeting, the following guidelines will guarantee that you act in a respectful manner and remembe r to avoid sensitive areas.In addition, if you are heading out to a specific region or a country for business, you can do in-depth research based on the following key areas.The key differences in cultures you need to understandGender rolesWhen it comes to international business, gender roles can cause a lot of confusion. Understanding the appropriate gender etiquette can help you avoid uncomfortable situations.Most often, gender roles are about personal boundaries and physical contact with men and women. In many countries, especially in the Arab world, women shouldn’t shake hands with men, for instance. Furthermore, older generations in countries like Japan are not often comfortable shaking hands with Western women. If you are a woman traveling or you know there will be women at the business meeting, it is important to come to grips with the gender roles to navigate meetings in a respectful manner and to prepare yourself for how you might be approached in the country.Personal spac ePersonal space varies with respect to gender, but personal space is important in other contexts as well. In general, South American countries can be a lot more physical, even in a business context, than Asian countries.Naturally, there are differences within countries in the same continent. For example, European nations are very different when it comes to personal space. While the French don’t mind kisses on the cheek when greeting, the Finns are especially careful about their personal space.The alcohol cultureFood and drink are a big part of doing business these days. In many countries, a business dinner or lunch is part of the deal making process, so it is important to understand the food and drink culture of the country you are travelling to.The alcohol culture is especially important, as you don’t want to be ordering wine with your meal in countries where combining alcohol and business are a big ‘no-no’. It isn’t even just about cultures where alcohol is fully prohibi ted. Even countries such as Australia, where drinking is not unusual after work, drinking during business meetings is discouraged. On the other hand, in Russia, sharing a drink with your business partners can help establish a closer relationship.Business giftsWhen it comes to doing business, handing out gifts is often considered a lovely thing to do. But countries and cultures vary greatly on what type of gifts are considered appropriate. In many Western countries, gifts can often be considered inappropriate in the first place, while in Asia gifts are very much expected.Issues surrounding the business cultureFinally, you should be aware of the specific differences in the business culture within countries and cultures. There are great differences in cultures when it comes to the way you conduct business and maintain relationships. If you want your international business relationships to flourish, you need to master the specific aspects of the business culture.To master appropriate bu siness etiquette in the business culture, focus on the following themes:Showing respect â€" There isn’t a country in the world where you don’t need to be respectful but there are different ways of getting around it and you have to be extra cautious in certain situations. For example, in Japan it is extremely important to show your respect to the older generations, while this isn’t as important necessarily in Western countries. While shaking hands in the US is considered respectful, in Japan, a simple bow might be considered more respectful.Business cards â€" There are some cultures where the handing out business cards is especially important and in many cultures there are unwritten rules as to when and where you are able to hand out the cards. For instance, Japan takes business cards almost ceremonially, whereas Italians do not like exchanging business cards outside of business functions.Talking about deals â€" Whereas you might be able to get straight to the point in countrie s like Germany, there are many cultures, such as many Arab countries, where you need to keep it casual for a long time before starting to talk business.The word ‘no’ â€" Interestingly, your international business etiquette needs to tune into the use of the word ‘no’. While many Western countries can be very direct during business meetings without considering it rude, in other cultures you need to be very careful in how you decline things.REGIONAL BUSINESS ETIQUETTE TIPSWhile the above provides you with an understanding of the key etiquette areas on which to focus, the following section covers some essential country-specific etiquette tips. If you are traveling to any of these countries or doing business with people from these countries, these etiquette tips are crucial to keep in mind.AsiaChinaProvide a gift for the person you are conducting business with but keep the following in mind:When handing out the gift always use both hands.Don’t give a watch as a gift, as it repr esents death in China.Avoid black, blue or white wrapping paper.Chinese people will decline the gift three times, but you need to insist they take it. When you are provided with a gift, you should do the same.Chinese people appreciate a conservative dress code and you should avoid physical contact while conversing.If you happen to have family roots in China, you can give yourself a Chinese name to use when doing business in the country. This is considered a sign of respect, but you should only do it if you have Chinese roots or you have moved to the country to do long-term business.After a business meeting, allow Chinese partners to leave the meeting room first.JapanIn Japan, bowing is a typical way of greeting each other. Handshakes sometimes occur but you should let the Japanese person initiate it.The business meeting is often led by the senior member in the group, while younger members converse less out of respect.Furthermore, similarly positioned people in different groups shoul d sit across from each other. Junior position employees should never sit across from senior employees.Giving gifts is common, but you should pay special attention to how you present your gift. Never hand out a gift that isn’t wrapped!Japan is especially sensitive to the word ‘no’. In the country, it is customary to respond with a ‘yes’ even if you disagree with what is being said.IndiaWhile you can show up to meetings on time, don’t be surprised if Indian business partners are late.Like in Japan, the word ‘no’ can be considered rude in India. Try to use words like ‘We will see’ or ‘Possibly’ instead of saying ‘no’.If you are offered a meal by your business partner, never say ‘Thank you’ at the end of it, as it is considered to be a payment on your behalf and therefore insulting.Avoid eating beef at business meetings!Latin AmericaBrazilBusiness meetings often last longer than planned, but do not leave before the meeting has officially ended. Leaving ea rly is considered rude.In Brazil, physical contact during conversation is natural and highlights the trust between business partners.Unlike in India, eating with your hands in Brazil should be avoided. Even if you were eating a sandwich, you’d want to use a napkin or other such utensil.EuropeThe United KingdomWhen conversing with the British, try saying ‘Please’, ‘Thank you’ and ‘Sorry’ frequently, as this is considered polite.The British often don’t retain eye contact during a conversation.Unlike Brazilians, Brits like to have personal space, so don’t stand too close.GermanyBusiness events are well-structured and straight to the point. You don’t want to be joking during business meetings.Be punctual and on time â€" Germans are hardworking, so you want to highlight your respect toward this attitude.When entering business meetings, allow the oldest person to enter the room first.North AmericaThe United StatesYou can conduct business even outside meetings â€" for i nstance, Americans often talk business over breakfast, lunch or dinner.Don’t give gifts to your US business partners, as this can be considered bribery. Handwritten notes to say ‘Thank you’ are sufficient.The firmer the handshake the better impression you’ll make.CanadaLike Germans, Canadians are punctual and being on time is considered a sign of respect.OceaniaAustraliaAustralians are quite relaxed about the dress code, even in business meetings.New ZealandBe on time for business meetings and come early if possible.During a meal, conversing should be kept to a minimum and continued after the meal is eaten.Don’t talk business over dinner â€" if you need a business meeting over food, organize it for lunchtime.HOW TO PREPARE WHEN DOING BUSINESS ABROADThe above should provide you with essential information on specific countries, as well as help you focus on finding information on the key themes and differences in international business etiquette.You need to approach internati onal business travel carefully and make sure you prepare yourself well for doing business with people from different cultures. If you are appropriately prepared, you can have much more success with your business ventures.How should you start your preparations? Here are a few crucial tips to help you get started.As soon as you know where you are doing business, start learning about the culture. You can find amazing information on countries from basic travel guides, and it’s a good idea to talk to colleagues who have conducted business in the country before.Learning about the culture will give you an advantage and it shows a lot of respect toward your hosts as well. Even if you end up making small mistakes, you can recover a lot by showing real interest toward the culture. Understanding the key things about the culture will also help you feel more relaxed and confident â€" you can just focus on the essential, which is doing business!Use the above key themes as your guide when you ar e doing research. You can even jot down some notes about the key points and go over them while you are flying to your destination.Second, it is important to keep focused on the purpose of the meeting. For example, if you are invited to a business lunch with your partners, it doesn’t necessarily mean you are supposed to do business. Learn the etiquette to ensure you understand what the meeting is all about.This also encompasses the understanding of how much business you are supposed to talk at the official business meeting. If you are doing business in the Middle East, for example, official business meetings might involve quite a bit of small talk, while in countries like Germany you get straight to the point.Finally, international business etiquette isn’t only about knowing how to behave in the company of your international business partners. You also need to understand how you should keep in touch after the business meeting. Sometimes a card and a gift to say thank you will be required, but sometimes a simple e-mail will do.FINAL THOUGHTSThe above should provide you plenty of insight into the key aspects of international business etiquette. The importance of correct and respectful behavior is enormous and it could be the difference between success and failure. It is crucial to start preparing yourself early and learn enough about the specific country before you must travel or meet partners from these countries.Be mindful of the differences in the culture and try to showcase great understanding and interest toward the specific culture. Don’t be fazed by making mistakes. Good preparation should keep you safe, but if you happen to upset your business partners, apologize and explain yourself.If you are conducting long-term business in a specific country, learning the language can often be beneficial and it will enhance your understanding of the business culture. If you don’t have enough time to learn a language or prepare extensively, guides like this and professional interpreters can provide you with enough information to avoid making the most crucial mistakes.

Cuban Reform - 2384 Words

Since the Cuban revolution, Cuba has been characterized as having a powerful centralized government and as being socialist in nature. Fidel Castro maintained leadership of Cuba from 1959 until 2008 and guarded Cuba away from capitalistic ideology. Throughout his presidency, he was able to curtail the establishment of privatization and economic liberalization. For instance, as late as 2006 the public sector made up 78% of the economy and the private sector only made up 22% of the economy (Oxfam). However, with the election of Raul Castro in 2008 by the National Assembly, there seems to be a shift in ideology that is less antagonistic toward decentralizing power, privatization, and economic liberalization. Raul Castro has brought†¦show more content†¦Provisions to this plan include bonuses of as much as 5%of an employee’s base salary just for meeting production quotas and managers will be limited to a 30% wage increase for improved performance (Robles). 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Media Is Not A New Concept - 1548 Words

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The use of radio advertisement grew in the 1930’s, due to the factRead MoreWhy Psychology Is The Anxiety Disorder Essay1205 Words   |  5 Pagesthe knowledge in various fields, including problems of treatment of mental illnesses. The four main Psychological concepts that applies to the life of a TV/ Radio Host is Anxiety, Stress, Burnout and Coping. In today’s age of technology there are several avenues where people can receive information pertaining to news, culture and society. For the last half-century of changes in the Media and c ommunications technologies are transforming individual lives and global economics every day. On July. 22, 2011Read MoreThe Agenda Setting Model Can Guide The Public Opinion And Mass Communication1464 Words   |  6 PagesDifferent with media effects model, the media effects more like to telling people how to think, however, the agenda setting model is successful in telling people what to think about. 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Catholic Schools Week Free Essays

This year’s national theme for Catholic Schools Week is â€Å"Catholic Schools: A+ for America. † The five years I have been at St. Dominic’s, I have experienced that it is very different then a public school and is much better. We will write a custom essay sample on Catholic Schools Week or any similar topic only for you Order Now At St. Dominic’s, we go to church every Friday. During Church on Fridays, the Mass is run by the school so each class take turns serving and reading and being the gift bearers. We also have a Christmas play which is run by the 8th grade every year. On top of that we have a great religion class every day except on Friday’s and our priest will sometimes come over to school and read us a bible verse or two. To me, St. Dominic’s makes me feel like I am in a safe environment, to me it’s like a family. Here at St. Dominic’s our teachers do whatever they can to make us an A+ student. They care about are grades so we can have higher expectations and so we can live a better Christian life. So we do a lot of projects and activity to help us understand are work better. Here at St. Dominic’s we have one of every grade since it is a smaller school and we have smaller class sizes. So the friends you meet in pre-school are the friends you are going to graduate with and possible more. One of the projects we started a few years ago at St. Dominic School is recycling. The whole school gets involved. Each year we all have a competition to see which class collects the most recycling and whoever wins gets a reward. Recycling is something good for are county as well as our country. Also at St. Dominic’s, the 6th – 8th grade have to do service hours for a religion grade. I think this has a great impact on our country as a whole because we are making it possible to live in a safer environment by doing the smallest things like recycling and giving up are time for others in need. We also help out a round school like we rack the leaves in the fall and help put out salt in the winter. We also work with the younger students helping them learn how to tie their shoes or sitting with them at church to teach them how to behave during Mass. Something else that we do as 8th graders at St. Dominic school is we teach the 5th grade how to serve during church. Since the 8th graders are the oldest students, we are asked to help out a lot. Whenever someone needs something we are always there to help them. So we have to take the biggest role in leading our school to a better community. Once you leave St. Dominic you are on your own and hopefully you always leave a Christian life. St. Dominic has made me realize that I can do whatever I want to as long as I put my mind to it. How to cite Catholic Schools Week, Essay examples

Accounting Information System Retailing and Wholesaling

Question: Discuss about the Accounting Information Systemfor Retailing and Wholesaling. Answer: Introduction: Fruito is a grocery store who is retailing and wholesaling the fruits and vegetables in Australias retail market. This case study is revealing the work and risk involved with accounts payable department of this store. This study is done by me to understand the accounts payable and accounting benefits in an organization. This study is describing an audit done by the accounts payable officer in regards of Chief financial officer of Fruito to tell him about the risk which might face by the fruito in near future. This study is revealing about risk, their potential effect on the store, internal control system and some suggestion which will help the store to mitigate the risk. This study helped me in understanding the practical part of accounts payable. Accounting Risk Involving with order and Receive the Goods: The stock ordered by Fruito is of perishable nature. So while making an order of stock for fruito, many risk have been analyzed by me. The internal audit of fruito on accounts payable department is explaining many risks which are facing by Fruito or might face in future. This report is written to CFO of Fruito. The risks analyzed while auditing are credit risk, market risk, liquidity risk, legal risk, IT risk and many other risks. The credit risk is involving with Fruitos operation as while receiving the goods, store is only paying half amount and thus the credibility is increasing of the store. Debtors dont make the payment timely and because of the perishable nature of goods, it spoiled quickly and customer dont feel like but it and it causes a loss situation for store (Ewert Wagenhofer, 2005). Liquidity risk is involving with cash and quick asset issues. As store dont maintain quick asset so the liquid risk is always there. Market risk can be occur at any time as the factors of market risk like interest rate, suppliers etc are the external factors and store cannot have any control on it (Barnard, R. F., Cirulli, Flannery, Lanuti, Murphy, 2010). Ordering is also a big issue for store as the co ordination among all the departments is not good. Impacts of Risk: The risks which were analyzed while auditing the store can make a negative impact on the store at any time. Many of these risks cannot be controlled as these are related with external environment. But some of them can be mitigated by taking an action. Credit risk makes a negative impact on firms goodwill and credit points in the market and among the financers. As if the credit points are not good, nobody feel interested to give the loan to that firm. Liquid risk is impacting on firms cash, bank etc balance. As if there is not enough balance, it is a risk for Fruito to make payments to supplier and other stakeholders. Market risk is related to external environment. This can impact on fruito either by increasing the interest rate or by the suppliers. Legal and technology risks impact on Fruitos order making and receiving ways. Other risks are also involving with Fruito (Schuster, Dunaway, Keen, Vibbert, 2010). Implementing Internal Control: All the above risks are impacting negatively on Fruitos operations and other departments. There are many ways to make the risk keep away from the store. Internal control system helps an organization to make a control on all the challenges and risk which can be occur at any time. Following are the ways and techniques fruito can use to implement the internal control system. Another department must be built by Fruito for Risk management (Larcker, Richardson Tuna, 2007). This department must make such strategy that all the risk can be overcome. And this department must find out all the risk which can occur in future. Fruito is suggested to make an improvement in its documentation and update procedure. Fruitos departments must keep their eye on all the work which is going on (Hahn, Kuhn, 2012). New technology must be implemented in it. Thus these all internal control system will help Fruito to have a control on internal risk (Marinovic, 2013). Mitigation of Risk: Risk mitigation is important for all the organization. Firm cannot mitigate the external risk but it can have control on internal risk. Risk mitigation is important as if an organization will not make any effort towards risk control then it can impact badly and negatively in future. Same as with fruito, as if it will not control on risks, then it can lose its competitive advantage and market share (Biddle Hilary, 2006). Risk management team can help the Fruito to have a control as well as mitigate the risk. Changes in some policies and procedure can also help Fruito to mitigate the risk and overcome all the risk. Choose the best supplier in the market and make a deal with him can also help the organization. Preserve the goods in best manner and loading and unloading must be done in a better way to keep the fruits and vegetable fresh (Bartov Mohanram, 2004). The supplier must provide good quality product by charging less, it only can help the organization to maintain the good accounts and make profits. Maintaining good relation and liquidity of Fruito will also help it in mitigating. Technology aspect are also useful in mitigating the risk. Conclusion: After doing a research on this case study, it can be concluded that Fruito is facing many problem in its accounts payable department and other department also. All the departments must be work with a good co ordination and a risk management department must be introduced by Fruito. The accounting is the main part of every organization as it controls all the financial activity of an organization. References: Bartov, E., Mohanram, P. (2004). Private information, earnings manipulations, and executive stock-option exercises. The Accounting Review, 79(4), 889-920. Biddle, G. C., Hilary, G. (2006). Accounting quality and firm-level capital investment. The Accounting Review, 81(5), 963-982. Ewert, R., Wagenhofer, A. (2005). Economic effects of tightening accounting standards to restrict earnings management. The Accounting Review, 80(4), 1101-1124. Larcker, D.F., Richardson, S.A. and Tuna, I., 2007. Corporate governance, accounting outcomes, and organizational performance. The Accounting Review, 82(4), pp.963-1008. Hahn, G. J., Kuhn, H. (2012). Value-based performance and risk management in supply chains: A robust optimization approach.International Journal of Production Economics,139(1), 135-144. Barnard, R. F., Cirulli, P. J., Flannery, K. J., Lanuti, C. J., Murphy, J. M. (2010).U.S. Patent No. 7,702,533. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Schuster, J. V., Dunaway, J. C., Keen, G., Vibbert, M. (2010).U.S. Patent No. 7,672,884. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Marinovic, I. (2013). Internal control system, earnings quality, and the dynamics of financial reporting.The RAND Journal of Economics,44(1), 145-167.

A Valediction Forbidding Mourning Essays (1104 words) -

A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning Although the subject matter of A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning could be applied to any couple pending separation, John Donne wrote his poem for his wife on the eve of his departure for France in 1611.In the poem, the speaker pleads with his lady to accept his departure. The speaker defines and celebrates a love that transcends the physical and can therefore endure and even grow through separation. In arguing against mourning and emotional upheaval, Donne uses a series of bold and unexpected comparisons for the love between the speaker and his lady. Donne makes his first surprising analogy in the first stanza when he compares the impending separation of the lovers to death. The speaker compares his parting from his lover to the parting of the soul from a virtuous man at death. According to the speaker, virtuous men pass mildly away (line 1) because the virtue in their lives has assured them of glory and reward in the afterlife; hence, they die in peace without fear and emotion. He suggests that the separation of the lovers be like this separation caused by death. In the second stanza the speaker furthers his comparison for a peaceful separation. So let us melt, and make no noise (line 5) refers to the melting of gold by a goldsmith or alchemist. When gold is melted it does not sputter and is therefore quiet. The speaker and his love should not display their private, intimate love as tear-floods, nor sigh-tempests move (line 6). The speaker thinks that it would be a profanation (line 7) to reveal the sacred love he shares with his lady. It would be similar to priests revealing the mysteries of their faith to the laity (line 8), that is, to ordinary people. The loud display of grief upon separation would therefore desecrate the sacred love of the speaker and his lady to the less elevated love of ordinary people. The second stanza introduces another category of startling comparative images, referring to the motions or changes of the earth and spheres. Donnes con temporaries believed that the heavens were perfect(reflecting the perfection of God). Everything sublunary-- below the moon, on this earth -- was imperfect, subject to decay and death. Furthermore, the planets moving in orbit around the earth in the geocentric, earth-centred Ptolemaic view of the universe were attached to spheres of crystal that often moved or shook (Damrosch et al. 238-9). In line 6, the tear-floods and sigh-tempests move refers to the moving of the earth. In the third stanza, the speaker again refers to the unrefined love of ordinary people in contrast with the love between he and his lady. The upheavals in the lives of ordinary lovers on earth are earthquakes (Moving of thearth) that bring harms and fears (line 9). In contrast, in a more refined love such as that between the speaker and his lady, any disturbance is above the reach of such earthly upheavals. It is like the far-off trembling in the heavens. It is as if their love resided in the heavens, among the c rystal spheres of the Ptolemaic universe. Even when there is trepidation or trembling of the spheres, it is innocent -- it will cause no harm or damage in the world below (lines 11-12). Donne continues to refer to the Ptolemaic universe in the fourth and fifth stanzas. In the fourth stanza, ordinary earth-bound lovers are caught up in the physical presence of the other person, which like all material things in this sublunary sphere below the moon, is subject to change and decay (line 13). Their soul is sense and cannot admit absense (lines 14-15) because the only way to express their love is through their five senses. Their relationship depends on the physical act of love, which cannot occur in the absense of each other. The speaker explains that the refined love between he and his love doesnt need the presence of the physical body because it is Inter-assured of the mind (line 19). The speaker and his lady are connected at the soul and are therefore not really separated. In the sixt h stanza, Donne again compares love to gold. Pure gold can be

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The French Revolution and the Cultural Renewal of Europe Essay - 1

The French Revolution and the Cultural Renewal of Europe - Essay Example The seminal event in the evolution of political thought also was transformative for the development of Europe’s great cultural tradition. A civilization in which Neo-Classically influenced works of art and literature honored royalty and aristocracy underwent a radical change. The toppling of the ancien regime in France did more than set off a chain of events that would transform Western Europe from monarchy to democracy. It radically changed the very notion of culture. After the revolution, the idea that culture was the exclusive province of the wealthy and powerful changed forever. Culture in a world where noblemen had been patrons of the great artists was now the property of everyone, of rich and poor. The ideas that fired the revolution were equally motivating to the painters, composers and writers of Europe, who had seen nothing comparable to the fervor with which Marat, Robespierre and other firebrands of the Revolution took up the philosophies of Rousseau and Montesquieu. The power of Enlightenment thinking took solid root on both sides of the Atlantic, inspiring political and cultural leaders to adopt the cause of liberty, equality and fraternity as their own. â€Å"The tide of Revolution that swept away much of the old political order in Europe and America in the last quarter of the 18th century had momentous consequences for the arts. Both the American and French revolutions had in fact used art as a means of expressing their spiritual rejection of the aristocratic society against which they were physically rebelling†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Cunningham and Reich, 2006). The art of David typified this spiritual and physical break with the past, using classical imagery to glorify the ideals of the Revolution.

Article Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Article Analysis - Assignment Example He has used metaphors and vivid descriptions to highlight what he sees wrong in the practice of chain ganging. His strong language has made his article very appealing. Staples has used some very strong language to bring out his intended message. He does not beat around the bush when he wants to make a certain point. In his opening statement, he gives an example of how an animal’s survival instincts will make it chew off some part of its body in order to free itself. This alone gets the reader’s attention to what the writer is trying to say. He uses similes to show how brutal the chain gang practice is. For instance, on the first paragraph, he says: â€Å"Beaten and driven like maltreated beasts†¦Ã¢â‚¬  while referring to the way slaves were treated while chained together. He also uses some vivid descriptions to further illustrate the cruelty of the chain gang practice. He says â€Å"†¦prisoners turned to self-mutilation to make themselves useless for work. They slashed their bodies, broke their own legs, and crippled themselves by cutting their tendons.† He gives this description to show that chain gangs were so dehumanizing, the prisoners could go to any lengths to free themselves from this ordeal. One of the obstacles I think the writer faced in critical thinking was his bias and total abhorrence for the practice that he thinks is reminiscent of the slavery years. he does not want to give the prison warders the benefit of doubt, so all he does is attack them as though they are the system that permits such practices in prisons. He has spoken nothing of the legislation bodies that made it legal to have gang chains in prisons. He should not have placed all the blame on Southern prison warders. The author’s bias is obviously with the prisoners who have to be chained when performing their menial work. He also makes it look like the chain gangs are meant for black prisoners only. I do

Commercial Contracts in International Oil and Gas Industry

Commercial Contracts in International Oil and Gas Industry This paper aims to address the issues associated with long term petroleum contracts concluded between the state and international oil companies in terms of the political risks investors tend to face in such contracts as well as the risk of change of circumstances brought about not by the act of the parties but rather by the time. In doing so, the efficiency of both stabilization and renegotiation clauses, as means of mitigating these mentioned risks, are critically examined. It argues that stabilization clauses are highly problematic with regard to their validity and effect as they would normally conflict with the very well established principle of international law of state sovereignty, also these clauses are limited only to the change of regulatory framework and does not take into consideration the effect of change of other circumstances which may have a considerable impact on the parties obligations. Whereas, renegotiation clauses can be useful to reduce the impact of changes not only the legal framework of the host state but also other circumstances which are beyond the control of the parties should proper and clear mechanisms and criteria for implementing these clauses be provided for within the clause. It is widely recognized that regulatory stability of any given state is an essential element of promoting and encouraging investment in general and to attract and secure the confidence of potential foreign investors in particular.[1] This is certainly the case for energy projects where investors are vulnerable to wide variety of risks throughout the projects life, given the long duration and the capital intensive characters of these projects. In addition, the vurnablity of petroleum contracts to the change of circumstances, which may be beyond their control such as price fluctuation in the international energy market, can make the contractual arrangement that was once profitable becoming highly undesirable a few years later.[2] Not to mention the very fact that one of the parties of these contracts is state or its agency may well raise the investors concerns that the contractual arrangements once have been secured at the time of negotiating can be disregarded by unilateral states act later. Therefore, it has been the tendency of oil and gas investors to seek protection against these risks by providing for legal mechanism in the contract in order to mitigate their impact throughout the project period. These legal mechanisms tend to be in the form of stability guarantees offered by the state, either stabilization clauses or renegotiation clauses, as well as providing for arbitration to be the manner of dispute resolution. However, while the latter has become a stable and widely recognized clause aiming to ensure the netiaulty and fairness of resolving disputes arising between the states and IOCs, the former has generated much concern over their legal validity and effect, simply because of the fact that the main objective of these clauses is to fetter the states right to legislate and regulate for reasonably long period of time. It is the aim of the second chapter to critically analyze the different views given to stabilization clauses in scholars writing and the relevant arbitration awards in terms of their legal validity under both national and international law and the extent to which these clauses can prevent the state from exercising its sovereign power within its territory. Arguing that the sharp divide among scholars and arbitrators in this regard proves the insufficient and uncertain nature of these clauses, which in turns makes the capability of these clauses to provide absolute protection to oil and gas investor questionable. Chapter three goes on to further affirm the conclusion reached in the second chapter through using the example of the Russian petroleum experiment, where the existence of stabilization clauses led to decreasing cooperation between the state and the industry and resulted in disrupting the parties relationship as the petroleum activities went on, given the fact that the Russian Petroleum Law concerned only encouraging the exploration activities while lifting many essential aspects unregulated with the view that if the oil was to be found, new legislation would be enacted. It is from this chapter where this paper comes to the conclusion that not only does stabilization clauses conflict with the principle of state sovereignty and may well be held invalid as a result, but also these clauses have appeared to be inconsistent with the parties needs to flexible mechanism in order to mitigate the risk of changes of circumstances brought about by time rather than parties acts. Finally, chapter four aims to advocate the recent trend of inserting renegotiation clauses into oil and gas contracts as the proper manner to mitigate not only the political risk of state behavior but also other commercial risks associated with petroleum projects, which in the latter case even the host state can enjoy the protection offered by this device. On the other hand, this chapter also recognizes the fact that renegotiation clause may be too flexible, and thus run the risk of the contract being open-ending. Therefore, this chapter argues that the success of this clause depends, to very large extent, on the specific drafting agreed by the parties and whether a clear mechanism and guidance have been provided to address potential disputes. Thus, this paper argues that the states right to legislate and to regulate should not be subject to negotiation, nor to be used as an incentive for the purpose of attracting investment as such commitment is difficult to be fulfilled in the long term. Furthermore, stabilization clauses have proved to be inefficient and difficult to predict as well as inconsistent with the parties needs in such a long term contract. Whereas, renegotiation clauses can achieve the parties aims and objectives of sustaining the agreed contractual arrangements and encouraging cooperation needed in long term contracts through flexible legal mechanisms. 2. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Primary Sources 1.1 Judicial decisions PreussenElektra case (PreussenElektra AG vs Schleswag AG) ECJ C-379/98, European Court reports 2001, I-02099 Stardust Marine case (French Republic v Commission of the European Communities) ECJ C-482/99, European Court reports 2002, I-04397 1.2 European Union secondary legislation Regulation (EC) No 1228/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 June 2003 on conditions for access to the network for cross-border exchanges in electricity, OJ L176/37, 15.07.2003 2. Secondary Sources 2.1 Books Cameron P. D., Legal Aspects of EU Energy Markets, (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005). Helm D., Energy, the State, and the Market: British Energy Policy since 1979 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003). Hunt S., Making Competition Work in Electricity (New York: John Wiley Sons, Inc. 2002). 2.2 Articles Meier, G.M., Impact of the power-market liberalization on the operation of CHP-plants securing the competitiveness on the district heat market, 29(4) Euroheat and Power/Fernwarme International (2000). Klinge Jacobsen, H., Fristrup, P. and Munksgaard, J., Integrated energy markets and varying degrees of liberalisation: Price links, bundled sales and CHP production exemplified by Northern European experiences, 34(18) Energy Policy 3527-3537 (2006). 2.3 Other 2.3.1 Internet sources European Association for the Promotion of Cogeneration (GOGEN Europe), Financial and Regulatory Support for Cogeneration in EU (2007) http://www.cogeneurope.eu/publications/reports_and_studies.htm (last visited on 31 November 2008) Lowe, Ph., Applying EU Competition Law to the new liberalized energy markets, (13 May 2003) http://europa.eu.int/comm/competition/speeches/text/sp2003_012_en.pdf (last visited on 1 December 2008) [1] L. Cotula, â€Å"Reconciling Regulatory Stability and Evolution of Environmental Standards in Investment Contracts: Towards a Rethink of Stabilization Clauses†, Journal of World Energy Law and Business, vol. 1 (2008), p164 [2] P. Thomas, â€Å"Evaluating Stabilisation Clause in Venezuelas Strategic Association Agreement for Heavy-Crude Extraction in the Orinoco Belt: The Return of a Forgotten Contractual Risk Reduction Mechanism for the Petroleum Industry† p.1

The Molding Hand of Oppression: Forming an Identity in Persepolis

Ruby Instructor Bachman Writing Across the Arts (Porter 80A-21) 2 November 2012 (1278 words) The Molding Hand of Oppression: Forming an Identity in Persepolis Every person is unique. However, there are many similar parts that go into creating every person’s identity. Of course, there is the biology, the genetics. Then there are outside forces, the nurturing of a person. When trying to form an identity, there are numerous outside factors that contribute, such as gender, culture, and environment.For Marji, the protagonist of the Persepolis series, being an Iranian woman is absolutely a factor that featured prominently in the shaping of her personality. She was not allowed to experiment with her identity by her clothing or style, because the government controlled what women were allowed to wear. She had to have some sort of connection with religion, because the government forced the religion upon its subjects. She also experienced hardships, like the death of family members, beca use of war against the tyrannical government.Growing up under the oppressive hand of the Iranian government has formed Marji’s strong identity. Clothing, a big form of self-expression, was predetermined for Marji, so that she had a few options of how to proceed. The first thing Marji introduces in the story is the veil, which is a headscarf that women are required to wear for public decency. Marji does not like the veil since she does not understand why she has to wear it. When Marji is young, she says, â€Å"I really didn’t know what to think about the veil, deep down I was very religious† (Persepolis 1, 7). Since she is so young, she is unaware of the real point of the veil.It is forced on because the government wants to hide the potential power women have. Later, Marji finds out that the restricted clothing has constrained her freedom by not allowing her to express a part of her individuality. After her parents come back from a trip to Istanbul, Turkey, she g ets gifts such as 1983 Nike Shoes, a denim jacket, a Michael Jackson button, and posters. She puts on her new shoes and her new jacket with the new button on it to go out and buy some music tapes. However, the guardians of the revolution, the women’s branch who arrest women who are improperly veiled, catch Marji.She luckily gets away. Through this experience, she realizes that she does not even have a minimal amount of freedom to show her individuality as a rebel. Clothing allows people to express their individuality, but forcing women to wear the veil not only prevents women from showing their own personality but also eliminates their freedom. If a woman wears a veil, then all the women will look just the same, and there is no opportunity for individuality there. Marji travels to Europe, and while there, she is finally able to express herself and experiment with her personality.When Marji becomes sixteen, she tries new stuff, coating her hair with gel, adding a thick line of eyeliner, and using safety pins as earrings (Persepolis 2, 36). As you see in the panels, she experiments with her hairstyles, which would not even be seen under the oppressive Iranian regime. Each new style is in a completely separate panel, showing the time passing between each event (McCloud 101). It takes time to develop an identity. She is allowed to express herself in Europe, and because of this, she is able to develop her personality in a way that she could not have been able to if she had been back in Iran.The government keeps Iranian women on a tight leash, so the lack of expression through clothing that Marji experiences in Iran, and the amount of expression she experiments with outside of her country, helped her develop as a person. Iran has a very strong connection between religion and state, which is reflected in Marji’s spirituality. Marji says herself that she was born with a religion, and she believes her path is to be a prophet. Religion becomes a part of he r character. Because she wants to be a prophet when she is ten, God sometimes appears and becomes her companion.Whenever Marji is having a personal conflict, God appears to help her work through it. For example, Marji takes a long bath in the water tub to feel like to be in a cell filled with water, when God appears to her. She is trying to experience what it feels like to be tortured, like her captured relatives and countrymen. God just randomly appears to her to ask, â€Å"What are you doing? † (Persepolis 1, 25). In that panel, The main color is white. White is a color like purity and spirituality, which makes sense, because God is in it. However, in the next panel, the background is entirely black.This panel does not have God in it. Instead, it is just Marji almost connecting to the pains of her grandfather. So the simplicity of the black background helps show the beginning of her internal conflict (McCloud 192). Marji is learning about how cruel the government truly is, and even God cannot help her understand why. Because Iran was very connected to religion, she always has a spirituality about her. The government forced a certain religion on Marji. Even though she did not always believe in that religion, she was still shaped by her conversations with God.Even though God doesn’t appear later on, believing in a religion as a child was able to lay the foundation for a spirituality that would last her the rest of her life. Living through war is very difficult. Because of war, many of Marji’s families and her neighbors met death. Satrapi’s graphic style, which is mainly composed of black and white, depicts violent moments with a simple description. For instance, when Satrapi depicts the bombing of her neighbors, the black and white frames, along with the gutters, portrays how terrified Marji feels (Persepolis 1, 142). For example, there is a panel where Marji is covering her eyes.Then it cuts to a panel that is just completely black . It shows just how emotional the scene is (McCloud 150). Because Satrapi’s style is so simple, drawing the character to explain the horrible emotions would be out of style. It is much more expressive just to keep the panel completely black. Since those dreadful incidents happened to her when she was young, she grew up as a strong-hearted and caring Iranian who knew the difficulties of war and came out stronger for it. Even though she disagrees with the lack of freedoms in her country, she is very proud to be an Iranian woman.She actually says this when some students were talking at a restaurant and were not respecting her. She stood up and said to them, â€Å"You are going to shut up or I am going to make you! I AM IRANIAN AND PROUD OF IT† (Persepolis 2, 43). The war and demonstrations due to the revolution has built her a strong identity as an Iranian. Marji is definitely shaped by her outside environment. The fact that she is Iranian during such difficult times is a bsolutely a big environmental factor. Not being able to wear whatever she wants limits her self-expression, so she has to work around that. The government forces a religion on her.She is also thrown into the middle of a war. All of these things should limit how her identity grows. But despite all the obstacles that being Iranian created for her, in the end, she still has a very strong connection with her Iranian culture. She obviously connects as an Iranian woman. Her own culture suppresses her, and in doing so, makes her stronger. Works Cited Satrapi, Marjane. Persepolis: The Story of a Childhood. New York: Pantheon, 2003. Print. Satrapi, Marjane. Persepolis 2: The Story of a Return. New York: Pantheon, 2004. Print. McCloud, Scott. Understanding Comics. Northampton, MA: Kitchen Sink, 1993. Print.

History of Ford Motor Company

To say that Henry Ford dilly-dallied around before finally establishing a serious car company would be invalid. The 40 year old man had been acquiring valuable knowledge regarding business, engines, management, and most importantly cars. Now it was time to take a leap of faith. In 1903 the Ford Motor Company came to be. Ford, along with other investors including John and Horace Dodge raised $28,000 and in the first 15 months produced 1700 Model A cars. These cars were known for their reliability, yet were still too expensive for the average American. Over the next five years Ford and his engineers produced models with the letters B through S, the most successful of which was the Model N (priced at $500) , and the least successful was the Model K (priced at $2500). It was obvious from the Model N that the key to the companies success lay in inexpensive cars for a mass market. The answer that Ford and the American consumer were looking for was the Model T. The Model T, a small, sturdy four-cylinder car with an attractive design and a top speed of 45 mph, hit the market in 1908. It†s success came from it†s attractive price, at $850, and more than 10,000 were sold in the first year alone. It was easy to operate, maintain, handle on rough roads, and immediately became a success. Along with success came expansion, and in 1910 he established another assembly plant in Highland Park, Michigan. Through interchangeable parts, standard manufacturing, and a division labor, the demand greatly increased for the Model T. It was at this time in 1913 that Ford introduced the assembly line and forever changed our economy, our industry, and our culture. Ford†s concept of an assembly line sprang from the thought that a car could be produced much quicker if each person did one, single task. He applied this in his Highland Park plant, and cut down production time of one Model T to a fraction on the time. The carefully timed pace of a conveyer belt moving the parts along further speeded the process. With these new tactics, a factory could produce 40%-60% more cars per month. By late 1913 he had established assembly plants in Canada, Europe, Australia, South America, and Japan. At this point, the Ford Motor Company was the largest manufacturer of cars in the world. In 1914 Ford astonished the business world by more than doubling the minimum wage for his workers, raising it from about $2. 0 to $5. He argued that if his employees earned more, the company would sell more cars to them and reduce employee turnover. He said in regards to this ecenomical move â€Å"The high wage begins down in the shop. If it is not created there it cannot get into pay envelopes. There will never be a system invented which will do away with the necessity for work. † At this point the company had made $30 million in profits, mainly due to his economical and industrial scheme. It was now that he started focusing not only on cars, but on other world issues such as peace in the wake of World War I. He had a â€Å"peace ship,† called the Oscar II, sent to Norway on an expedition to end the war. This would contribute to his future project, the Ford Foundation. Ford displayed his true motives of pleasing the middle class consumer, when he lowered the cost of the Model T to $350 in 1916. In 1917 Ford started the construction of a industrial complex on the Rouge River in Dearborn, Michigan. The idea was to produce everything a car needed to run in one compact area. They had a a steel mill, glass factory, and automobile assembly line. This plant was the utopia of Ford†s mass production scheme. In 1918 Ford unsuccessfully ran for senate, and a year later he named his son Edsel Ford, the president of the Ford Motor Company. He also started a publication called â€Å"The Dearborn Independent. † This journal, produced weekly, was at first anti-Semitic. Statements against Jews were boldly printed. He said that the Jews were trying to â€Å"wipe out of public life every sign of the predominant Christian character of the United States,† as well as other demeaning remarks. After much public protest, Ford discontinued further publication, and made a public apology to the Jewish people. At this point the popularity started shifting from the Model T to larger more luxurious cars, and in 1927 the production of Model T†s ceased and six months later the Model A was introduced. This model included such improvements as hydraulic shock absorbers, automatic windshield wipers, a gas gauge, and a speedometer. The success of these was limited to 5 million, 10 million short of the Model T. It was at this time that the Ford Foundation was introduced. It was established â€Å"for scientific, educational, and charitable purposes, all for the public welfare. This organization basically attempted to further nurture the world in any aspect possible. This was made possible through all the money acquired through sales, primarily of the model T. Yet this utopia could only be temporary. As more and more large corporations started to pop up, so did labor unions. Ford was the only major manufacturer of cars in the Detroit area that had not recognized a labor union. In 1937 a band of supporters of unionization were physically beaten near a Ford plant by people suspected to work for the President of Ford. As a result, they were accused of unfair labor practices by the National Labor Relations Board. In 1941, following a massive workers strike, Henry Ford agreed to sign a contract that met workers demands. It was only two years later in 1943 when Henry Ford†s son, Edsel Ford died at age 49, and the president of the company. Henry himself was incapable of running the plants and managing business. He died in 1947 at the age of 83 in his hometown. He died a rich man; his fortune ranged somewhere between $500 and $700 million. Yet more importantly he died an accomplished man, who had left an imprint on the very definition of the word â€Å"American. â€Å"

Anorexia Nervos A Serious Physical And Emotional Illness...

Introduction What is anorexia? According to Merriam-Webster, anorexia is defined as, â€Å"A serious physical and emotional illness in which an abnormal fear of being fat leads to very poor eating habits and dangerous weight loss† (Anorexia, Merriam-Webster). Or in other words, those who suffer from anorexia have a fear of being fat, so they consume little to no food. Anorexia is also linked to the anorexia nervosa, which is an illness that can potentially be a life threatening eating disorder caused by starvation and excessive weight loss (Anorexia Nervosa, Nationaleatingdisorder.org). Studies have concluded that 90-95% of girl’s and women suffer from anorexia nervosa and 0.5-1% of American women suffer from anorexia nervosa. This disorder is one of the most common psychiatric diagnoses in young women and is also one of the highest death rates of any mental health condition (Anorexia Nervosa, NationalEatingDisorder.org). This paper will discuss the causes of anorexia a nd anorexia nervosa, as well as the signs and symptoms of both, including how these disorders are linked to dental and if available, what treatments can be used. Etiology What causes anorexia? Research has concluded that the cause for anorexia is inconclusive or unknown. But many do urge that those who do suffer from anorexia, have this illness simply because it runs in their family. It is said that females who have a parent or even a sibling who suffer from anorexia or even an eating disorder in general may