A Practical Guide to International Business Etiquette

A Practical Guide to International Business Etiquette Doing business isn’t just about knowing your numbers and being able to sell your product, it’s also about building relationships and creating trust with the people you work with. But building a mutual partnership can be especially tricky when you are dealing with people from different cultures.In order to navigate in today’s business world, you need to be able to do business with people from all around the world. Understanding international business etiquette, or the unwritten rules of behavior, has become increasingly important in this ever-closer business atmosphere.The following guide will help you understand what etiquette is and how important it is for people working in the business world. You’ll learn to understand the key themes that differ between countries and get specific tips when travelling in some of the countries of the world. The aim is to help you be better prepared for international business meetings. © Shutterstock.com | Andrey BashlykovIn this article, you will explore and learn about 1) what is etiquette and why is it important, 2) the key things to keep in mind when doing business abroad, 3) regional business etiquette tips, 4) how to prepare for doing business abroad, and 5) final thoughts.WHAT IS ETIQUETTE AND WHY IS IT IMPORTANT?Etiquette is an important part of social interactions and there are different etiquette rules for different situations.This guide looks into business etiquette, which refers to an unwritten code of conduct for business situations. It involves special rules that you should follow when you are conducting business, whether at a formal business meeting or a more informal meeting for networking and the like. It is about navigating through the world of business in countries that operate differently when it comes to talking about deals, shaking hands and exchanging business cards.What is etiquette?In this time of technology, you’ll end up conducting som e of your business online instead of face-to-face. Netiquette is the unique term to cover the set of unwritten rules you should follow when doing business over virtual mediums.This could be a guideline on how to write a good e-mail to your business partners or how to conduct business relations on social media.Why is etiquette so important?Both etiquette and netiquette are crucial for professional success. The ability to behave and conduct business in a respectful and efficient manner can naturally improve your ability to land important business deals or to even find a new company to work for, if you are looking for a different direction for your professional career.Good business etiquette helps leave a good impression. This shows the other person you have respect toward them and you value the professional situation.Good business etiquette becomes even more important if you are dealing with people from different cultures and countries. Each country has its own unique business etiquet te and by knowing the country-specifics, you can show deep respect toward your business partners.If you don’t show understanding of specific business etiquette and you disregard these hidden rules, you could stand to lose your important business connections. Even if you aren’t intentionally rude, it can easily be perceived this way and this could hinder your business relations.Understanding international business etiquette is not difficult and it can be extremely fun to learn new things about the countries of the world.The video below is a great introduction to etiquette in general and why it matters: THE KEY THINGS TO KEEP IN MIND WHEN DOING BUSINESS ABROADWhen it comes to international business etiquette there are things you can do no matter what country you are going to. If you are preparing for an international meeting and you aren’t sure about the cultures of the people at the meeting, the following guidelines will guarantee that you act in a respectful manner and remembe r to avoid sensitive areas.In addition, if you are heading out to a specific region or a country for business, you can do in-depth research based on the following key areas.The key differences in cultures you need to understandGender rolesWhen it comes to international business, gender roles can cause a lot of confusion. Understanding the appropriate gender etiquette can help you avoid uncomfortable situations.Most often, gender roles are about personal boundaries and physical contact with men and women. In many countries, especially in the Arab world, women shouldn’t shake hands with men, for instance. Furthermore, older generations in countries like Japan are not often comfortable shaking hands with Western women. If you are a woman traveling or you know there will be women at the business meeting, it is important to come to grips with the gender roles to navigate meetings in a respectful manner and to prepare yourself for how you might be approached in the country.Personal spac ePersonal space varies with respect to gender, but personal space is important in other contexts as well. In general, South American countries can be a lot more physical, even in a business context, than Asian countries.Naturally, there are differences within countries in the same continent. For example, European nations are very different when it comes to personal space. While the French don’t mind kisses on the cheek when greeting, the Finns are especially careful about their personal space.The alcohol cultureFood and drink are a big part of doing business these days. In many countries, a business dinner or lunch is part of the deal making process, so it is important to understand the food and drink culture of the country you are travelling to.The alcohol culture is especially important, as you don’t want to be ordering wine with your meal in countries where combining alcohol and business are a big ‘no-no’. It isn’t even just about cultures where alcohol is fully prohibi ted. Even countries such as Australia, where drinking is not unusual after work, drinking during business meetings is discouraged. On the other hand, in Russia, sharing a drink with your business partners can help establish a closer relationship.Business giftsWhen it comes to doing business, handing out gifts is often considered a lovely thing to do. But countries and cultures vary greatly on what type of gifts are considered appropriate. In many Western countries, gifts can often be considered inappropriate in the first place, while in Asia gifts are very much expected.Issues surrounding the business cultureFinally, you should be aware of the specific differences in the business culture within countries and cultures. There are great differences in cultures when it comes to the way you conduct business and maintain relationships. If you want your international business relationships to flourish, you need to master the specific aspects of the business culture.To master appropriate bu siness etiquette in the business culture, focus on the following themes:Showing respect â€" There isn’t a country in the world where you don’t need to be respectful but there are different ways of getting around it and you have to be extra cautious in certain situations. For example, in Japan it is extremely important to show your respect to the older generations, while this isn’t as important necessarily in Western countries. While shaking hands in the US is considered respectful, in Japan, a simple bow might be considered more respectful.Business cards â€" There are some cultures where the handing out business cards is especially important and in many cultures there are unwritten rules as to when and where you are able to hand out the cards. For instance, Japan takes business cards almost ceremonially, whereas Italians do not like exchanging business cards outside of business functions.Talking about deals â€" Whereas you might be able to get straight to the point in countrie s like Germany, there are many cultures, such as many Arab countries, where you need to keep it casual for a long time before starting to talk business.The word ‘no’ â€" Interestingly, your international business etiquette needs to tune into the use of the word ‘no’. While many Western countries can be very direct during business meetings without considering it rude, in other cultures you need to be very careful in how you decline things.REGIONAL BUSINESS ETIQUETTE TIPSWhile the above provides you with an understanding of the key etiquette areas on which to focus, the following section covers some essential country-specific etiquette tips. If you are traveling to any of these countries or doing business with people from these countries, these etiquette tips are crucial to keep in mind.AsiaChinaProvide a gift for the person you are conducting business with but keep the following in mind:When handing out the gift always use both hands.Don’t give a watch as a gift, as it repr esents death in China.Avoid black, blue or white wrapping paper.Chinese people will decline the gift three times, but you need to insist they take it. When you are provided with a gift, you should do the same.Chinese people appreciate a conservative dress code and you should avoid physical contact while conversing.If you happen to have family roots in China, you can give yourself a Chinese name to use when doing business in the country. This is considered a sign of respect, but you should only do it if you have Chinese roots or you have moved to the country to do long-term business.After a business meeting, allow Chinese partners to leave the meeting room first.JapanIn Japan, bowing is a typical way of greeting each other. Handshakes sometimes occur but you should let the Japanese person initiate it.The business meeting is often led by the senior member in the group, while younger members converse less out of respect.Furthermore, similarly positioned people in different groups shoul d sit across from each other. Junior position employees should never sit across from senior employees.Giving gifts is common, but you should pay special attention to how you present your gift. Never hand out a gift that isn’t wrapped!Japan is especially sensitive to the word ‘no’. In the country, it is customary to respond with a ‘yes’ even if you disagree with what is being said.IndiaWhile you can show up to meetings on time, don’t be surprised if Indian business partners are late.Like in Japan, the word ‘no’ can be considered rude in India. Try to use words like ‘We will see’ or ‘Possibly’ instead of saying ‘no’.If you are offered a meal by your business partner, never say ‘Thank you’ at the end of it, as it is considered to be a payment on your behalf and therefore insulting.Avoid eating beef at business meetings!Latin AmericaBrazilBusiness meetings often last longer than planned, but do not leave before the meeting has officially ended. Leaving ea rly is considered rude.In Brazil, physical contact during conversation is natural and highlights the trust between business partners.Unlike in India, eating with your hands in Brazil should be avoided. Even if you were eating a sandwich, you’d want to use a napkin or other such utensil.EuropeThe United KingdomWhen conversing with the British, try saying ‘Please’, ‘Thank you’ and ‘Sorry’ frequently, as this is considered polite.The British often don’t retain eye contact during a conversation.Unlike Brazilians, Brits like to have personal space, so don’t stand too close.GermanyBusiness events are well-structured and straight to the point. You don’t want to be joking during business meetings.Be punctual and on time â€" Germans are hardworking, so you want to highlight your respect toward this attitude.When entering business meetings, allow the oldest person to enter the room first.North AmericaThe United StatesYou can conduct business even outside meetings â€" for i nstance, Americans often talk business over breakfast, lunch or dinner.Don’t give gifts to your US business partners, as this can be considered bribery. Handwritten notes to say ‘Thank you’ are sufficient.The firmer the handshake the better impression you’ll make.CanadaLike Germans, Canadians are punctual and being on time is considered a sign of respect.OceaniaAustraliaAustralians are quite relaxed about the dress code, even in business meetings.New ZealandBe on time for business meetings and come early if possible.During a meal, conversing should be kept to a minimum and continued after the meal is eaten.Don’t talk business over dinner â€" if you need a business meeting over food, organize it for lunchtime.HOW TO PREPARE WHEN DOING BUSINESS ABROADThe above should provide you with essential information on specific countries, as well as help you focus on finding information on the key themes and differences in international business etiquette.You need to approach internati onal business travel carefully and make sure you prepare yourself well for doing business with people from different cultures. If you are appropriately prepared, you can have much more success with your business ventures.How should you start your preparations? Here are a few crucial tips to help you get started.As soon as you know where you are doing business, start learning about the culture. You can find amazing information on countries from basic travel guides, and it’s a good idea to talk to colleagues who have conducted business in the country before.Learning about the culture will give you an advantage and it shows a lot of respect toward your hosts as well. Even if you end up making small mistakes, you can recover a lot by showing real interest toward the culture. Understanding the key things about the culture will also help you feel more relaxed and confident â€" you can just focus on the essential, which is doing business!Use the above key themes as your guide when you ar e doing research. You can even jot down some notes about the key points and go over them while you are flying to your destination.Second, it is important to keep focused on the purpose of the meeting. For example, if you are invited to a business lunch with your partners, it doesn’t necessarily mean you are supposed to do business. Learn the etiquette to ensure you understand what the meeting is all about.This also encompasses the understanding of how much business you are supposed to talk at the official business meeting. If you are doing business in the Middle East, for example, official business meetings might involve quite a bit of small talk, while in countries like Germany you get straight to the point.Finally, international business etiquette isn’t only about knowing how to behave in the company of your international business partners. You also need to understand how you should keep in touch after the business meeting. Sometimes a card and a gift to say thank you will be required, but sometimes a simple e-mail will do.FINAL THOUGHTSThe above should provide you plenty of insight into the key aspects of international business etiquette. The importance of correct and respectful behavior is enormous and it could be the difference between success and failure. It is crucial to start preparing yourself early and learn enough about the specific country before you must travel or meet partners from these countries.Be mindful of the differences in the culture and try to showcase great understanding and interest toward the specific culture. Don’t be fazed by making mistakes. Good preparation should keep you safe, but if you happen to upset your business partners, apologize and explain yourself.If you are conducting long-term business in a specific country, learning the language can often be beneficial and it will enhance your understanding of the business culture. If you don’t have enough time to learn a language or prepare extensively, guides like this and professional interpreters can provide you with enough information to avoid making the most crucial mistakes.

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Accounting Information System Retailing and Wholesaling

Question: Discuss about the Accounting Information Systemfor Retailing and Wholesaling. Answer: Introduction: Fruito is a grocery store who is retailing and wholesaling the fruits and vegetables in Australias retail market. This case study is revealing the work and risk involved with accounts payable department of this store. This study is done by me to understand the accounts payable and accounting benefits in an organization. This study is describing an audit done by the accounts payable officer in regards of Chief financial officer of Fruito to tell him about the risk which might face by the fruito in near future. This study is revealing about risk, their potential effect on the store, internal control system and some suggestion which will help the store to mitigate the risk. This study helped me in understanding the practical part of accounts payable. Accounting Risk Involving with order and Receive the Goods: The stock ordered by Fruito is of perishable nature. So while making an order of stock for fruito, many risk have been analyzed by me. The internal audit of fruito on accounts payable department is explaining many risks which are facing by Fruito or might face in future. This report is written to CFO of Fruito. The risks analyzed while auditing are credit risk, market risk, liquidity risk, legal risk, IT risk and many other risks. The credit risk is involving with Fruitos operation as while receiving the goods, store is only paying half amount and thus the credibility is increasing of the store. Debtors dont make the payment timely and because of the perishable nature of goods, it spoiled quickly and customer dont feel like but it and it causes a loss situation for store (Ewert Wagenhofer, 2005). Liquidity risk is involving with cash and quick asset issues. As store dont maintain quick asset so the liquid risk is always there. Market risk can be occur at any time as the factors of market risk like interest rate, suppliers etc are the external factors and store cannot have any control on it (Barnard, R. F., Cirulli, Flannery, Lanuti, Murphy, 2010). Ordering is also a big issue for store as the co ordination among all the departments is not good. Impacts of Risk: The risks which were analyzed while auditing the store can make a negative impact on the store at any time. Many of these risks cannot be controlled as these are related with external environment. But some of them can be mitigated by taking an action. Credit risk makes a negative impact on firms goodwill and credit points in the market and among the financers. As if the credit points are not good, nobody feel interested to give the loan to that firm. Liquid risk is impacting on firms cash, bank etc balance. As if there is not enough balance, it is a risk for Fruito to make payments to supplier and other stakeholders. Market risk is related to external environment. This can impact on fruito either by increasing the interest rate or by the suppliers. Legal and technology risks impact on Fruitos order making and receiving ways. Other risks are also involving with Fruito (Schuster, Dunaway, Keen, Vibbert, 2010). Implementing Internal Control: All the above risks are impacting negatively on Fruitos operations and other departments. There are many ways to make the risk keep away from the store. Internal control system helps an organization to make a control on all the challenges and risk which can be occur at any time. Following are the ways and techniques fruito can use to implement the internal control system. Another department must be built by Fruito for Risk management (Larcker, Richardson Tuna, 2007). This department must make such strategy that all the risk can be overcome. And this department must find out all the risk which can occur in future. Fruito is suggested to make an improvement in its documentation and update procedure. Fruitos departments must keep their eye on all the work which is going on (Hahn, Kuhn, 2012). New technology must be implemented in it. Thus these all internal control system will help Fruito to have a control on internal risk (Marinovic, 2013). Mitigation of Risk: Risk mitigation is important for all the organization. Firm cannot mitigate the external risk but it can have control on internal risk. Risk mitigation is important as if an organization will not make any effort towards risk control then it can impact badly and negatively in future. Same as with fruito, as if it will not control on risks, then it can lose its competitive advantage and market share (Biddle Hilary, 2006). Risk management team can help the Fruito to have a control as well as mitigate the risk. Changes in some policies and procedure can also help Fruito to mitigate the risk and overcome all the risk. Choose the best supplier in the market and make a deal with him can also help the organization. Preserve the goods in best manner and loading and unloading must be done in a better way to keep the fruits and vegetable fresh (Bartov Mohanram, 2004). The supplier must provide good quality product by charging less, it only can help the organization to maintain the good accounts and make profits. Maintaining good relation and liquidity of Fruito will also help it in mitigating. Technology aspect are also useful in mitigating the risk. Conclusion: After doing a research on this case study, it can be concluded that Fruito is facing many problem in its accounts payable department and other department also. All the departments must be work with a good co ordination and a risk management department must be introduced by Fruito. The accounting is the main part of every organization as it controls all the financial activity of an organization. References: Bartov, E., Mohanram, P. (2004). Private information, earnings manipulations, and executive stock-option exercises. The Accounting Review, 79(4), 889-920. Biddle, G. C., Hilary, G. (2006). Accounting quality and firm-level capital investment. The Accounting Review, 81(5), 963-982. Ewert, R., Wagenhofer, A. (2005). Economic effects of tightening accounting standards to restrict earnings management. The Accounting Review, 80(4), 1101-1124. Larcker, D.F., Richardson, S.A. and Tuna, I., 2007. Corporate governance, accounting outcomes, and organizational performance. The Accounting Review, 82(4), pp.963-1008. Hahn, G. J., Kuhn, H. (2012). Value-based performance and risk management in supply chains: A robust optimization approach.International Journal of Production Economics,139(1), 135-144. Barnard, R. F., Cirulli, P. J., Flannery, K. J., Lanuti, C. J., Murphy, J. M. (2010).U.S. Patent No. 7,702,533. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Schuster, J. V., Dunaway, J. C., Keen, G., Vibbert, M. (2010).U.S. Patent No. 7,672,884. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Marinovic, I. (2013). Internal control system, earnings quality, and the dynamics of financial reporting.The RAND Journal of Economics,44(1), 145-167.

A Valediction Forbidding Mourning Essays (1104 words) -

A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning Although the subject matter of A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning could be applied to any couple pending separation, John Donne wrote his poem for his wife on the eve of his departure for France in 1611.In the poem, the speaker pleads with his lady to accept his departure. The speaker defines and celebrates a love that transcends the physical and can therefore endure and even grow through separation. In arguing against mourning and emotional upheaval, Donne uses a series of bold and unexpected comparisons for the love between the speaker and his lady. Donne makes his first surprising analogy in the first stanza when he compares the impending separation of the lovers to death. The speaker compares his parting from his lover to the parting of the soul from a virtuous man at death. According to the speaker, virtuous men pass mildly away (line 1) because the virtue in their lives has assured them of glory and reward in the afterlife; hence, they die in peace without fear and emotion. He suggests that the separation of the lovers be like this separation caused by death. In the second stanza the speaker furthers his comparison for a peaceful separation. So let us melt, and make no noise (line 5) refers to the melting of gold by a goldsmith or alchemist. When gold is melted it does not sputter and is therefore quiet. The speaker and his love should not display their private, intimate love as tear-floods, nor sigh-tempests move (line 6). The speaker thinks that it would be a profanation (line 7) to reveal the sacred love he shares with his lady. It would be similar to priests revealing the mysteries of their faith to the laity (line 8), that is, to ordinary people. The loud display of grief upon separation would therefore desecrate the sacred love of the speaker and his lady to the less elevated love of ordinary people. The second stanza introduces another category of startling comparative images, referring to the motions or changes of the earth and spheres. Donnes con temporaries believed that the heavens were perfect(reflecting the perfection of God). Everything sublunary-- below the moon, on this earth -- was imperfect, subject to decay and death. Furthermore, the planets moving in orbit around the earth in the geocentric, earth-centred Ptolemaic view of the universe were attached to spheres of crystal that often moved or shook (Damrosch et al. 238-9). In line 6, the tear-floods and sigh-tempests move refers to the moving of the earth. In the third stanza, the speaker again refers to the unrefined love of ordinary people in contrast with the love between he and his lady. The upheavals in the lives of ordinary lovers on earth are earthquakes (Moving of thearth) that bring harms and fears (line 9). In contrast, in a more refined love such as that between the speaker and his lady, any disturbance is above the reach of such earthly upheavals. It is like the far-off trembling in the heavens. It is as if their love resided in the heavens, among the c rystal spheres of the Ptolemaic universe. Even when there is trepidation or trembling of the spheres, it is innocent -- it will cause no harm or damage in the world below (lines 11-12). Donne continues to refer to the Ptolemaic universe in the fourth and fifth stanzas. In the fourth stanza, ordinary earth-bound lovers are caught up in the physical presence of the other person, which like all material things in this sublunary sphere below the moon, is subject to change and decay (line 13). Their soul is sense and cannot admit absense (lines 14-15) because the only way to express their love is through their five senses. Their relationship depends on the physical act of love, which cannot occur in the absense of each other. The speaker explains that the refined love between he and his love doesnt need the presence of the physical body because it is Inter-assured of the mind (line 19). The speaker and his lady are connected at the soul and are therefore not really separated. In the sixt h stanza, Donne again compares love to gold. Pure gold can be

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